Published: June 2, 2026 | Category: Skincare
Acne affects people of all ages, not just teenagers. Understanding the science behind breakouts helps you choose effective treatments and manage expectations.
What Causes Acne?
Acne forms when pores become clogged with oil and dead skin cells. Bacteria (C. acnes) multiplies, causing inflammation. Factors include hormones, genetics, stress, and certain products.
Proven Treatments
Over-the-Counter Options
- Benzoyl Peroxide: Kills acne-causing bacteria. Start with 2.5-5%.
- Salicylic Acid: Exfoliates inside pores, reduces inflammation.
- Retinoids (Adapalene): Increases cell turnover, prevents clogged pores.
- Niacinamide: Reduces inflammation and oil production.
Prescription Options
For persistent acne, dermatologists can prescribe stronger retinoids (tretinoin, tazarotene), topical antibiotics, oral medications, or hormonal treatments.
Building Your Routine
- Morning: Gentle cleanser → Treatment (benzoyl peroxide) → Moisturizer → SPF
- Evening: Gentle cleanser → Treatment (retinoid) → Moisturizer
Patience Is Essential
Acne treatments take 4-8 weeks to show improvement. Skin often gets worse before getting better (purging). Stick with a routine for at least 8 weeks before judging results.
Don'ts
- Don't pick or pop—this causes scarring
- Don't over-wash or scrub aggressively
- Don't mix too many actives at once
- Don't skip moisturizer—hydration helps healing